Climbing mountains above 8,000 ft / 2500 m can be a memorable adventure, but while climbing these high mountains, it can also turn into difficulties. If you want to climb high mountains you have to prepare yourself to enter altitude with thin air. Altitude sickness or sometimes called mountain sickness is a group of different symptoms that can strike if you walk or climb to a higher elevation too fast. Altitude sickness is hard to prepare for, but after reading this article you will hopefully gain knowledge about what mountain sickness is and how to prevent the illness.
What Is Altitude Sickness
Altitude sickness is a disorder caused by being at high altitude without acclimatizing for the human body to adapt to the thin air. The condition may occur at altitudes higher then 8,000ft or 2,5000m. At these altitudes and higher up the oxygen levels are low and the number of oxygen molecules per breath decreases. The oxygen molecules decreases due to the fall in atmospheric pressure at higher altitude. Due to the pressure fall there is less oxygen available for every breath. The pressure around our world is different throughout the world, and around equator the troposphere is wider than at the poles. This means that the further north or south you travel from the equator, the lower the air pressure will be at a given hight. Therefore a climb to Mount Kilimanjaro would be “easier” than climbing Vinson Massif in Antarctica. At about 18,000 ft / 5,500 m almost as tall as Uhuru Peak at Kilimanjaro, each breath contains approximately half of the oxygen found at sea level.
Why It Happens
Of the three main necessities of life, air is the most critical. Our human body needs oxygen to survive, and lack of oxygen can result in reduction of the body’s ability to work. If you travel to a location at higher altitude then you are used to, your body will need time to adjust the change in pressure. The main reason of altitude illness is ascending to higher altitude too rapidly. While climbing to greater altitude the saturation of oxyhemoglobin begins to decrease rapidly. Oxyhemoglobin task in the human body is to transport oxygen and with less oxygen in the blood, the heart and lungs have to work harder. This raises the pulse and the rate of breathing. More red blood cells are made to enable the body to carry more oxygen. Our amazing body can adapt to altitude that allow it to partially compensate for the lack of oxygen. This process is know as acclimatization. This process generally takes 1-3 days of rest at that altitude and have to be repeted when climbing higher and higher.
There are several different types of
mountain sickness. The mildest is called Acute Mountain Sickness – AMS. This type of
altitude sickness is common, and the symptoms can feel like almost feel like a
hangover. You can feel headache and nausea. HAPE or High Altitude Pulmonary Edema is
another type of the illness. This can be very dangerous due to a buildup of
fluid in the lungs. The last type of mountain sickness is called High Altitude
Cerebral Edema – HACE.
This is the most severe form om the illness and happens when there’s fluid in
the brain.
Preventing Altitude Sickness
The best way to prevent altitude illness is to travel to altitudes above 3,000m slowly. It usually takes a few days for the body to get used to a change in altitude. Here is a short list that can help preventing mountain sickness;
Acclimatization: The
best way to prevent altitude illness is to ascend slowly. While ascending
gradually you let the body become acclimatized to the changing altitude. Make
sure that your climb includes enough time for acclimatization, and it’s worth
to pay a small charge to be on the mountain for either a day or two extra.
Food & Fluids: It’s
very important to consume a lot of water while climbing. Drink as much as 4 to
6 liters a day. Remember to drink often due to that the body has a limit of how
much water that could be obtained. Eat high-calorie diet while climbing to
greater altitude. It’s common to feel lack of appetite but it’s essential in
the acclimatization process. Bring some chocolate bars or other high-calorie
food you know you like.
Sleeping: Sleeping can be difficult
due to heart rate but you should work high and sleep low. In other words you
shouldn’t sleep at more than 600m higher than your resting place the previous
night.
After reading this, I hope you have some more knowledge about altitude sickness. It’s difficult to know how your body will react when entering different altitudes, if you never been to greater altitude before. I’m also scared before I begin an adventure to ascent a mountain far away from home. Remember the small tips to prevent it, and remember that is only a bonus to reach the summit! Walk slowly, there is no race to the camps across the mountain! Be safe and listen to your body. As we say in Norway, don’t be ashamed to turn around!
